Research: Dyer's Star Theory.

Stars in the music industry tend to have relatable values that are personal to them, they usually have a lovable personality, have several talents, they are experience within the field, they need to be exposed to the public eye and they need to have a good sense of style. Dyer said that star image is incoherent that is incomplete and "open". And that "The star must be simultaneously ordinary and extraordinary to the consumer". This means that they artist needs to be fairly mainstream and commercial while having some unique qualities to them, also. He also said "The star must be simultaneously present and absent for the consumer. This means that the artist must constantly be in and out of the public eye because the audience might get bored of an artist due to being in the public eye for a long time. To be a star, you need to have an equally decent relationship with the audience and the industry. The term "star" often gets confused with a performer. The term "star" refers to the set of meanings constructed around music performers in order to sell the performer to a loyal audience. Richard Dyer also believe that their should be a clear distinction between those who are simply known for performing pop music and those who are know for being pop stars. Pop performers are described as pop stars=promoted to this status by their management=synergy. A true pop star does have a lasting significance and has 'brand awareness' amongst a wider market over a period of time. Many people have views that back in the 80's-90's, the singers actually had talent and could sing, whereas now, they are just mediocre artists. They also believe that reality shows make the industry solely about money. The industry and audience: -Manufactured to make money. -Products of their record company. -they have long-lasting appeal. Ideology and culture: -Cultural attitudes and values. -Need to promote certain ideology. Character and personality: -Foundation of realism. -The idea of 'what people should be like' -The idea of hegemony. Stars should support this idea. Stars are a commodity of their industry. Beyoncé is a good example of this because she appears as the face of several products to influence people to buy them. This mean that she is no longer just an artist, she is now a product that the industry is trying to sell to the most mainstream audiences as possible in order to make more money.

Research:Diversity in Music Videos.

Diversity in music videos mainly appeal to a niche audience. They challenge the human emotions quite a lot by plying with concept based themes. This can work very well or it can cause a huge loss in money and time. This is the main feature about diverse music videos- they are very unpredictable. Chris Cunningham is a very well know director of these kinds of music videos as he has worked with some very famous artists such as Madonna and Bjork. His main aim is to make sure all his videos are completely outlandish and step away from his comfort zone to create something spectacular. He also plays around with peoples disfigurements and deformities for effect. Many people find his work quite disgusting and uncomfortable to watch. The common themes throughout his music videos are that they are very concept and usually don't make any sense. The star image tends to be minimal and they are very risky. Michael Gondry is more subtle with his ideas to do with diversity. He has worked with Radiohead, The Rolling Stones, The White Stripes, Daft Punk and Kylie Minogue. These videos also tend to lack in narrative, but they are much easier on the eye. Even though they don't make much sense and they leave the audience confused, they still are much more bearable for an audience to watch. A good example of this would be Daft Punks "All Around The World". The only characters are the dancers dressed in costumes such as robots and mummies. There is no clear narrative and it is just the dancers performing throughout. There is no star image in this video because Daft Punk are not actually seen in the video, so the audience cannot identify or have a relationship with them. The advantages of having a diverse music video can include: -Allows artists to reinvent themselves if they have taken a break from the music industry and want to re-enter with a bang. -Strangeness gets people talking. Whether it's good or bad, people will still be talking about the video, giving that and the artist more publicity and more people will hear about it and be likely to watch it. -People will remember it for longer. Even if they were repulsed by the video, they are very likely to remember it because of it unique qualities. -Money success -Individuality. It will be less likely for another artist to have a video that is similar to theirs. There are, however, some disadvantages to having a diverse music video: -Artists may not get the platform that they want as it is more likely to get censored, so less people will see the video for what it was supposed to be. -It will cost a lot of money in the editing process, so it will be harder to break even in terms of how much the artist spent on making it. -There's a chance that the content could upset audiences. This is because some of these videos can be considered as quite creepy. -There is no guarantee that the audience will enjoy the video. It's always a risk. -More likely to get bad reviews by critics because it isn't following the traditional themes of a stereotypical music video. -More chance of it giving the artist a bad reputation and they may not be as successful as they perhaps once were. -The video could be banned altogether if it's not perceived as appropriate. -The target audience could be limited, because a mainstream audience wouldn't really like this kind of material.

Research: Intertextual References.

Intertextual references are basically references that relate or hint to something else that already exists. This can be anything from impersonating another artist or famous person to using a famous quote. This can go well and work in the artist gaining more popularity and recognition or the public or the specific person being impersonated can get quite offended. This could make an artist lose popularity, not make many sales or gain a bad reputation. A video that has an Intertextual reference is "Paris" by Jay Z and Kanye West. In the middle of the video, a scene from the film "Blades of Glory" is put straight in. Rather than the artists impersonating a person, they have just out in the original scene from the film. Another example of this would be All Time Low's "I Feel Like Dancin'". This video includes many impersonations such as Lady Gaga and Katy Perry. They have included quite mainstream artists to impersonate, this could be because the want to appeal to a wider audience, or simply because they are a jokey kind of band and their fans will find it funny that they dressed up as these people especially because they are men dressing as women. Another example of this could be "All the Small Things" by Blink 182, as they impersonate a boyband(Backstreet boys) in the "I Want it That Way" video. This song has become very popular, and even if people don't know the band, they will probably have heard of the song and seen the video. This may be because of the intertextual reference or it may not be. But a lot of people do notice that it is a reference as many people find it funny. A final example of this would be Alien Ant Farm's cover of "Smooth Criminal". Even though they have paid to cover the song they use a lot of intertextual references in relation to Michael Jackson such as holding the monkey in the nappy, the floor tiles lighting up when they are stepped on and the world famous "lean" from the original video. Intertextuality can help an artist become more established and popular, especially if they have chosen something quite popular to do an intertextual reference on. This kind of thing can go quite wrong if it is taken too far, though. This is because the artist may take it too far, thinking that people will see the funny side to it, while others may not. This could make an artist lose popularity which is defeating the purpose of what they intended to do.